Power Adapter
The power adapter mainly includes two types, one is the internal AC / DC (AC / DC) power converter, which is built into the electronic product and may have multiple output voltages, such as the internal power of desktop computers;
The other type is an external single output AC / DC or AC / AC (AC / AC) power adapter with a single output voltage, usually referred to as external power supply (EPS). It is widely used in printers, notebooks, LCD monitors and game consoles. And other applications.
The common power adapter on the market is a power converter that is transformed, rectified, and stabilized, and the output is DC. Power adapters are widely used in routers, phone handsets, game consoles, language repeaters, walkmans, notebooks, mobile phones and other devices. Most power adapters can automatically detect 100-240V AC (50 / 60Hz). The power adapter is a power supply conversion device for small portable electronic equipment and electronic appliances. The power adapter can be understood as a low-voltage regulated power supply when the power is satisfied. Power adapters are widely used in routers, phone handsets, game consoles, language repeaters, walkmans, notebooks, mobile phones and other devices. Most power adapters can automatically detect 100-240V AC (50 / 60Hz). The power adapter is a small portable electronic device and a power conversion device for electronic appliances. It has an external power supply and is connected to the host with a cable. This can reduce the size and weight of the host. Only a few devices and appliances have the power built in Inside. It is internally composed of a power transformer and a rectifier circuit. According to its output type, it can be divided into AC output type and DC output type; according to the connection method, it can be divided into wall-insertion type and desktop type.
Charger
A charger usually refers to a device that converts AC power to low-voltage DC power. It includes control circuits that meet the charging characteristics, such as current limiting and voltage limiting.The power adapter is a power converter that is transformed, rectified, and stabilized. The output is DC. Under the condition of meeting the power, it can be understood as a low-voltage regulated power supply.
Charger: The charger is a dedicated DC power supply for rechargeable batteries. It contains current limiting, voltage limiting and other control circuits that meet the charging characteristics.
The charger is widely used in various fields, especially in the field of life is widely used in electric appliances, flashlights and other common electrical appliances. It generally charges the battery directly without going through any intermediary equipment and devices.
The common power adapter on the market is a power converter that is transformed, rectified, and stabilized, and the output is DC. Power adapters are widely used in routers, phone handsets, game consoles, language repeaters, walkmans, notebooks, mobile phones and other devices. Most power adapters can automatically detect 100-240V AC (50 / 60Hz). The power adapter is a power supply conversion device for small portable electronic equipment and electronic appliances. The power adapter can be understood as a low-voltage regulated power supply when the power is satisfied. Power adapters are widely used in routers, phone handsets, game consoles, language repeaters, walkmans, notebooks, mobile phones and other devices. Most power adapters can automatically detect 100-240V AC (50 / 60Hz). The power adapter is a small portable electronic device and a power conversion device for electronic appliances. It has an external power supply and is connected to the host with a cable. This can reduce the size and weight of the host. Only a few devices and appliances have the power built in Inside. It is internally composed of a power transformer and a rectifier circuit. According to its output type, it can be divided into AC output type and DC output type; according to the connection method, it can be divided into wall-insertion type and desktop type.
The flow of the charger is: constant current-constant voltage-trickle, three-stage intelligent charging.
The three-stage charging theory in the charging process can greatly improve the charging efficiency of the battery, shorten the charging time, and effectively extend the battery life.
Three-stage charging adopts constant current charging first, then constant voltage charging, and then floating charging for maintenance charging.
Generally divided into three stages: fast charging, top-up charging, and trickle charging:
Fast charging stage: Charge the battery with a large current to quickly restore the battery power. The charging rate can reach more than 1C. At this time, the charging voltage is low, but it will limit the charging current to a certain value range.
Top-up charging phase: Compared to the fast-charging phase, the top-up charging phase can also be called a slow-charge phase. When the fast-charging phase is terminated, the battery is not completely sufficient, and a supplementary charging process needs to be added. The supplementary charging rate generally does not exceed 0.3C. Because the battery voltage increases after the fast-charging phase, the charging voltage during the supplementary charging phase also increases. It should improve and stay within a certain range.
Trickle charging stage: In the late stage of the top-up charging stage, when it detects that the temperature rise exceeds the limit value or the charging current decreases to a certain value, it starts to charge with a smaller current until it meets certain conditions and ends the charging.
There is a nameplate on the power adapter, which indicates the power, input and output voltage, and current indicators. Pay particular attention to the range of the input voltage. In various types of electronic equipment, different power systems not only have strict requirements on various voltage combinations, but also have strict requirements on many electrical characteristics of these power supply voltages, such as voltage accuracy, load capacity (output current), voltage Ripple and noise, start-up delay, rise time, recovery time, voltage overshoot, power-off delay time, step load response, step linear response, cross regulation rate, cross interference, etc. For power adapter applications, as long as the load does not exceed the maximum value, no matter how the various load characteristics of the system change, the power voltage of each channel is still accurate. In this regard, the characteristics of most of the current multi-output power supplies are not ideal. It can be seen from the figure that only the main circuit (Up) is really forming the closed-loop control, and other auxiliary circuits such as Uaux1 and Uaux2 are out of control. It can be known from the control theory that only Up, no matter how the input and output change (including voltage change, load change, etc.), can ensure a fairly high accuracy (generally better than 0.5%) under closed-loop feedback control, which means that Up Much depends on the reference voltage and sampling ratio.
The charger contains the function of the adapter, but the charger also has constant current, constant voltage and other control circuits that meet the charging characteristics. The adapter's charge control circuit is generally completed on the host. For example, a mobile phone charger and a laptop computer charger are actually just a power adapter. It does not include a charging control circuit inside, and the charging control is done inside the mobile phone and the computer. The biggest difference between a charger and an adapter is that the charger only charges the battery, and the adapter can not only charge the battery, but also supply power to the host.
